1. Attero Recycling
Attero Recycling is one of India’s prominent electronic waste and lithium-ion battery recycling companies, with operations focused on recovering valuable materials from discarded batteries and electronic products. Headquartered in Noida, Uttar Pradesh, the company has developed a technology-oriented recycling business that addresses the growing volume of battery waste generated by electric vehicles, consumer electronics, energy storage systems and other industrial applications. Its operations are particularly relevant to India’s efforts to establish a domestic supply chain for critical battery materials, including lithium, cobalt, nickel and other valuable metals.
Attero uses a combination of mechanical processing and proprietary hydrometallurgical technology to recover materials from spent lithium-ion batteries. The process involves dismantling and processing discarded batteries, separating different components and treating the recovered material to extract valuable metals. Hydrometallurgical processing is particularly important because it allows metals to be recovered through controlled chemical processes rather than relying exclusively on high-temperature smelting. The recovered materials can subsequently be used as inputs for manufacturing new batteries and other industrial products.
One of the company’s important capabilities is its focus on recovering multiple materials from complex electronic and battery waste streams. Lithium-ion batteries contain different combinations of metals depending on their chemistry and application. Batteries used in electric vehicles, laptops, mobile phones and energy storage systems may have different compositions, requiring specialised processing methods. Attero’s recycling technology is designed to address these variations and recover commercially valuable materials from different categories of waste.
The company has also developed capabilities in electronic waste recycling, giving it access to a wider waste collection and processing ecosystem. This is significant because discarded electronic products contain batteries alongside circuit boards, metals, plastics and other recoverable materials. An integrated recycling operation can improve material recovery and reduce the quantity of waste requiring disposal.
Attero’s business model is connected to the growing requirements of automobile manufacturers, battery producers, electronics companies and other organisations seeking responsible disposal and recovery solutions. Companies placing batteries in the Indian market have obligations under the Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022, which establish an Extended Producer Responsibility framework. Recycling companies with appropriate registration, processing infrastructure and material recovery capabilities can support producers in fulfilling these responsibilities.
The company’s emphasis on recovering battery-grade materials also connects recycling with domestic battery manufacturing. India has been seeking to reduce dependence on imported critical minerals, particularly as electric mobility and renewable energy storage increase demand for lithium-ion batteries. Recovering valuable materials from used batteries can contribute to a more circular supply chain, although the quality and suitability of recovered materials depend on the processing technology and subsequent refining standards.
Attero’s combination of battery recycling, electronic waste management, material recovery and technology development makes it an important participant in India’s expanding recycling industry.
2. LOHUM Cleantech
LOHUM Cleantech is an Indian battery recycling and sustainable materials company specialising in lithium-ion battery recycling, battery repurposing and the recovery of critical minerals. The company operates across several stages of the battery lifecycle, including collection, testing, dismantling, recycling, refining and the reuse of battery cells. Its business model focuses on converting discarded batteries and battery manufacturing waste into valuable materials that can be supplied back to the battery manufacturing ecosystem. The company has established its operations around the growing requirements of electric vehicle manufacturers, battery producers, energy storage companies and electronics manufacturers.
One of LOHUM’s major capabilities is its integrated approach to battery lifecycle management. Instead of treating every used battery as waste that must immediately be dismantled, the company evaluates batteries to determine whether they can be reused or whether they should undergo material recovery. Batteries that retain sufficient usable capacity can be repurposed for less demanding applications, while batteries that have reached the end of their useful life can be directed towards recycling. This approach helps extend the useful life of battery materials and reduces the quantity of waste requiring immediate processing.
The company’s Reclaim facility is an important part of its recycling infrastructure. LOHUM has reported the capability to recycle approximately 2 GWh of end-of-life lithium-ion batteries annually at this facility. It has also reported second-life battery repurposing capacity of approximately 500 MWh. These capabilities reflect the company’s focus on combining material recovery with battery reuse rather than limiting its business to conventional battery dismantling.
LOHUM also focuses on recovering valuable materials from lithium-ion batteries, including lithium, cobalt, nickel and other battery-related materials. The recycling process involves separating battery components, processing the recovered material and refining the resulting intermediate products. Black mass, which contains a mixture of valuable battery metals, is an important input in this process. The ability to refine black mass domestically is particularly relevant because it can reduce dependence on overseas processing facilities and help develop a stronger Indian battery materials supply chain.
Another important aspect of the company’s operations is its second-life battery business. Electric vehicle batteries do not necessarily become completely unusable when their performance declines below the requirements of automotive applications. Depending on their condition, individual cells or battery packs can sometimes be repurposed for stationary energy storage, backup power and other applications with less demanding performance requirements. LOHUM’s assessment and repurposing capabilities help create additional commercial value from batteries before they eventually enter the recycling process.
The company’s integrated business model is relevant to automobile manufacturers, battery manufacturers, fleet operators and energy storage developers that need solutions for batteries throughout their lifecycle. Its operations also align with the increasing importance of Extended Producer Responsibility requirements in India. By offering recycling and repurposing services, LOHUM can support companies seeking to establish traceable battery collection and recovery arrangements.
As India expands electric vehicle manufacturing and renewable energy storage infrastructure, demand for reliable sources of recycled battery materials is expected to increase. LOHUM’s focus on battery recycling, second-life applications and material recovery positions it as an important participant in India’s battery circularity ecosystem.
3. BatX Energies
BatX Energies is an Indian clean-technology company focused on lithium-ion battery recycling, critical mineral recovery and battery repurposing. Headquartered in Gurugram, Haryana, the company has developed a business model around recovering valuable materials from discarded electric vehicle batteries, consumer electronics batteries and industrial battery waste. Its operations are particularly relevant to India’s efforts to develop domestic sources of critical minerals required for electric mobility, battery manufacturing and renewable energy storage.
The company’s recycling operations are designed to recover important materials such as lithium, cobalt, nickel and other metals used in lithium-ion batteries. These materials are essential components of modern battery manufacturing and have considerable commercial value. Recovering them from discarded batteries provides an alternative source of raw materials and can reduce the need to depend entirely on newly mined resources. BatX has focused on developing processing infrastructure that can handle different categories of battery waste and convert them into reusable industrial materials.
An important development in the company’s expansion has been its HUB-1 facility at Sikandrabad in Uttar Pradesh. The facility was inaugurated in 2024 and is designed around automated battery processing and critical mineral extraction. BatX has reported an annual processing capacity of approximately 5,100 metric tonnes at the facility. Its operating model combines collection and preliminary processing through smaller collection centres with centralised material recovery at its main facility. This hub-and-spoke approach is intended to improve the collection of battery waste from different geographical locations while concentrating specialised recycling operations at a central processing facility.
BatX has also invested in hydrometallurgical recycling technology. This process involves treating recovered battery materials through controlled chemical methods to separate and recover valuable metals. The process is important because lithium-ion batteries contain several materials that need to be separated and purified before they can be used in manufacturing. The company reports that its recovered critical minerals can achieve purity levels exceeding 99.5%, supporting their potential use in battery manufacturing and other industrial applications. Actual suitability for a particular manufacturing application depends on the specifications and quality requirements of the buyer.
The company has also developed partnerships with electric vehicle manufacturers to strengthen the battery collection and recycling ecosystem. One notable partnership was its agreement with VinFast India in July 2025. Under the arrangement, BatX was to provide high-voltage battery recycling, material recovery and repurposing services for VinFast’s Indian factory and after-sales operations. The arrangement covers the recovery of critical materials, including lithium, cobalt and nickel, and their reintegration into the battery production cycle. Such partnerships are important because electric vehicle manufacturers will eventually require organised systems to manage batteries reaching the end of their operational life.
Another feature of BatX’s business is its emphasis on battery waste collection and traceability. The availability of discarded batteries is an important factor affecting the commercial viability of recycling facilities. A recycling plant requires a consistent supply of suitable waste batteries to operate efficiently. By developing collection partnerships and a network of battery sourcing points, the company aims to improve the availability of feedstock for its processing operations.
BatX’s work also extends to recovering materials beyond the primary battery metals. Aluminium, copper, steel and plastics can be separated during recycling and directed towards appropriate recovery or reuse channels. This broader material recovery approach helps minimise the quantity of waste left after battery processing.
With its focus on hydrometallurgical recovery, automated processing, collection infrastructure and partnerships with electric vehicle manufacturers, BatX Energies has become an important company in India’s emerging lithium-ion battery recycling industry.
4. RecycleKaro
RecycleKaro is an Indian recycling company specialising in electronic waste management, lithium-ion battery recycling and the recovery of valuable materials from discarded electronic products. Founded in 2010, the company initially developed its business around paper and electronic waste recycling before expanding into precious metal recovery and lithium-ion battery processing. Its operations are based in Maharashtra, with a major recycling facility located in Palghar near Mumbai.
The company’s battery recycling business addresses the growing volume of lithium-ion battery waste generated by electric vehicles, consumer electronics, industrial equipment and other battery-powered products. Lithium-ion batteries contain valuable materials that can be recovered and reused, but their recycling requires specialised processing infrastructure. RecycleKaro has developed facilities to process discarded batteries and recover materials that can be used in industrial applications and battery-related manufacturing.
The company launched its lithium-ion battery recycling facility in 2022 and subsequently expanded its processing infrastructure. Its Palghar operations have a dedicated lithium-ion battery recycling capacity of approximately 10,000 metric tonnes annually. The company has also expanded its electronic waste processing capacity, taking its overall reported recycling capacity to approximately 34,500 metric tonnes across its operations. Its Palghar facility is spread across an area of approximately 18 acres and is supported by a collection network covering different parts of India.
RecycleKaro’s recycling process involves several stages, beginning with the collection and safe handling of used batteries. Batteries are assessed and segregated according to their composition and condition before entering the mechanical processing stage. The mechanical process separates different battery components and generates black mass, which contains valuable materials used in battery manufacturing. The recovered material can then undergo further chemical processing to extract individual metals.
The company focuses on recovering materials such as lithium, cobalt, nickel and manganese. These materials are important for the production of different lithium-ion battery chemistries. The recovery of such metals from discarded batteries can help establish a domestic source of secondary raw materials and reduce the pressure on conventional mineral extraction.
One of the company’s important operational features is its experience in electronic waste recycling. Electronic products contain several materials that require different recovery processes, including copper, aluminium, precious metals, plastics and battery components. Experience in handling these waste streams provides the company with an established collection and processing ecosystem that can support its battery recycling operations.
RecycleKaro also offers services to businesses seeking organised waste management and recycling arrangements. Its potential customer base includes electric vehicle manufacturers, battery producers, electronics companies, industrial organisations and other businesses generating battery waste. Its collection network and recycling infrastructure can help such organisations channel discarded batteries into formal processing facilities.
The company has also indicated plans to move further into high-purity material recovery by expanding its capabilities for extracting critical minerals. This is an important development because the commercial value of battery recycling depends not only on the ability to produce black mass but also on the ability to refine it into materials that meet industrial and battery manufacturing specifications.
RecycleKaro’s combination of electronic waste management, dedicated lithium-ion battery processing, material recovery and collection infrastructure makes it a significant participant in India’s organised recycling sector.
5. LICO Materials
LICO Materials is an Indian company focused on lithium-ion battery recycling, battery refurbishment, second-life applications and the recovery of critical minerals. The company was established in 2021 and has developed its business around the need to manage batteries throughout their operational lifecycle. Its operations are particularly relevant to electric vehicle manufacturers, battery producers and energy storage companies looking for solutions to recover valuable materials from used batteries.
One of LICO Materials’ important strengths is its integrated approach to battery recycling and repurposing. The company collects end-of-life lithium-ion batteries and evaluates their condition before deciding whether they should be recycled or reused. Batteries that retain adequate performance can be considered for second-life applications, while batteries that are no longer suitable for further use can be processed to recover valuable materials. This distinction is important because recycling is not necessarily the most suitable first step for every used battery.
The company inaugurated a major battery recycling and refurbishing facility in Bengaluru, Karnataka, in December 2024. The facility was announced with an annual input capacity of approximately 17,500 metric tonnes, equivalent to around 4 GWh of battery processing capacity. The company has also outlined plans to expand its capacity to 10 GWh. Its facility has been developed to support the collection, processing, recycling and repurposing of lithium-ion batteries.
LICO’s battery processing model includes collection, testing, dismantling, material recovery and repurposing. Battery cells are assessed for their state of health, internal resistance and temperature performance. This evaluation helps determine whether the cells can be reused in another application or whether they should be directed towards material recovery. The testing stage is particularly important because batteries with different levels of degradation cannot be treated as identical products.
The company also focuses on recovering critical minerals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel and manganese from discarded batteries. These materials are essential inputs in several battery chemistries and can be recovered through appropriate recycling and refining processes. LICO’s recycling operations are intended to create a supply of secondary materials that can be used in the wider battery manufacturing ecosystem.
Another important part of its business is LiGRID, its battery energy storage solution developed using repurposed battery cells. Used electric vehicle batteries that are no longer suitable for demanding automotive applications may still retain sufficient capacity for stationary storage. Such batteries can potentially be used in commercial and industrial energy storage systems, subject to appropriate testing, safety controls and performance assessment. This approach can extend the useful life of battery cells and improve resource utilisation.
LICO has also highlighted its work in recycling battery manufacturing production scrap, including jelly rolls, anodes, cathodes and electrodes. Manufacturing scrap is an important category of recyclable material because battery factories generate waste during production even before their products reach consumers. Recovering materials from this waste can help manufacturers improve resource efficiency and reduce material losses.
The company’s planned expansion into downstream hydrometallurgical processing is another important part of its development strategy. Producing black mass is only one stage of the recycling chain. Further refining is required to separate individual metals and produce materials suitable for battery manufacturing. By developing these capabilities, LICO aims to strengthen its position in the domestic battery materials supply chain.
With its Bengaluru recycling infrastructure, battery testing capabilities, second-life storage solutions and focus on critical mineral recovery, LICO Materials offers an integrated approach to battery lifecycle management.
6. Rubamin
Rubamin is an Indian industrial recycling and materials recovery company with operations focused on recovering valuable metals from industrial waste and end-of-life products. Headquartered in Vadodara, Gujarat, the company has a long-standing presence in the recycling industry and has expanded its capabilities into lithium-ion battery recycling. Its experience in industrial metal recovery provides a foundation for processing complex battery waste and recovering materials required by the growing electric mobility and energy storage industries.
The company’s lithium-ion battery recycling operations are based at its Green Recycling Complex in Halol, Gujarat. The facility was commissioned in the first quarter of 2025 and is designed to process end-of-life lithium-ion batteries as well as battery manufacturing process waste. Rubamin has reported a battery waste treatment capacity of 10,000 tonnes per annum, with black mass processing capacity of approximately 7,500 tonnes per annum. These facilities are designed to support the recovery of valuable materials from different categories of lithium-ion battery waste.
Rubamin’s recycling process combines mechanical processing with hydrometallurgical recovery. The initial processing stage involves dismantling and shredding batteries to separate their different components. This produces black mass, which contains a mixture of valuable battery materials. The black mass is subsequently processed through chemical treatment to recover individual metals and other useful materials. The distinction between these two stages is important because producing black mass does not automatically mean that all the valuable metals have been recovered in a form suitable for battery manufacturing.
The company focuses on recovering lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese, copper and graphite. These materials have important applications in battery manufacturing and other industrial sectors. Lithium, nickel, cobalt and manganese are particularly relevant to several lithium-ion battery chemistries, while copper and graphite are also important components of battery systems. The ability to recover multiple materials from battery waste can improve the overall value of the recycling process.
One of Rubamin’s important features is its emphasis on automated industrial processing. Its facility incorporates Industry 4.0-based systems, including cloud-based distributed control systems and data-driven operational monitoring. These technologies are intended to improve process control, production efficiency, material yields and quality management. The company has also highlighted the use of artificial intelligence and machine-learning-based optimisation capabilities within its industrial operations.
Environmental management is another important aspect of Rubamin’s recycling infrastructure. Battery recycling involves handling materials that can create environmental risks if they are not properly processed. The company describes its facility as designed for zero solid waste and zero liquid discharge. Such systems are intended to reduce the release of untreated waste and improve the management of residual materials generated during recycling.
Rubamin’s industrial experience is relevant because lithium-ion battery recycling requires more than basic dismantling equipment. Recovering individual metals requires specialised chemical processes, quality control systems and suitable waste treatment infrastructure. Companies with established expertise in industrial metallurgy can bring useful technical capabilities to this emerging sector.
The company’s battery recycling operations also have relevance for battery manufacturers and electric vehicle companies seeking domestic sources of recovered materials. As India’s battery manufacturing industry expands, the availability of locally recovered critical minerals could become increasingly important for supply chain security.
Through its Halol facility, automated processing systems and focus on recovering multiple critical materials, Rubamin has established an important presence in India’s lithium-ion battery recycling sector.
7. Gravita India Limited
Gravita India Limited is an established Indian recycling company with a long history of recovering and processing industrial materials. Established in 1992, the company has developed operations across several recycling segments, particularly lead, aluminium, plastics and other industrial materials. It has a significant presence in the lead-acid battery recycling industry and has expanded its business into lithium-ion battery recycling as the demand for electric vehicles and advanced energy storage systems increases.
The company’s experience in lead-acid battery recycling is particularly relevant to India’s wider battery waste management industry. Lead-acid batteries are extensively used in automobiles, telecommunications infrastructure, UPS systems, industrial equipment and backup power applications. Their recycling involves separating battery components and recovering lead and other reusable materials. The recovered lead can be processed into products used in the manufacture of new batteries, supporting an established recycling and manufacturing cycle.
Gravita has developed an international recycling network, with manufacturing and recycling operations across several countries. The company has reported 13 manufacturing facilities worldwide and a presence in more than 70 countries. Its broader recycling operations provide experience in sourcing industrial waste, managing recycling facilities and supplying recovered materials to different manufacturing industries.
A major development in the company’s battery recycling business was the launch of its lithium-ion battery recycling plant at Mundra, Gujarat, in January 2026. The facility was established with a processing capacity of approximately 6,000 metric tonnes per annum. Gravita announced an investment of around Rs. 14 crore for procuring and commissioning the plant, funded through its internal accruals. The facility represents the company’s expansion beyond its established lead-acid battery recycling operations into the lithium-ion battery segment.
The Mundra facility is intended to process end-of-life lithium-ion batteries and recover valuable materials for reuse in industrial supply chains. The company has highlighted its focus on technology-driven processing, safe battery handling and the reduction of environmental impact associated with discarded batteries. The facility also provides Gravita with an opportunity to serve electric vehicle manufacturers, battery producers and other organisations that generate lithium-ion battery waste.
Gravita’s existing experience in lead recovery gives it a broader understanding of battery material processing. Lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries have substantially different chemistries and recycling requirements, so the technologies used for one category cannot simply be transferred to the other. Nevertheless, experience in industrial recycling, procurement, logistics, environmental management and material recovery can support the development of additional recycling operations.
The company also manufactures several recovered and processed materials, including pure lead, lead alloys, lead sheets, aluminium alloys and plastic granules. These products serve different industrial customers and demonstrate how recycling can become part of a wider manufacturing supply chain rather than remaining limited to waste disposal.
Its lithium-ion battery recycling expansion is also aligned with India’s increasing interest in recovering critical minerals domestically. As demand for electric vehicles and stationary battery storage grows, the need for organised collection and recycling infrastructure is expected to increase. Companies with established industrial operations and the capacity to invest in specialised facilities can play an important role in this transition.
Gravita India combines its established lead-acid battery recycling business with a newer lithium-ion recycling operation, providing exposure to two important segments of India’s battery recycling market.
8. Exigo Recycling
Exigo Recycling is an Indian waste management and battery recycling company with operations focused on electronic waste, lithium-ion batteries and the recovery of valuable industrial materials. Based in Haryana, the company has developed specialised recycling infrastructure for processing discarded batteries and recovering materials that can be used in manufacturing. Its operations are relevant to electric vehicle manufacturers, electronics companies, battery producers and other organisations seeking formal battery waste management solutions.
The company operates an integrated battery recycling facility in the Panipat region of Haryana. Its battery recycling infrastructure has been reported with a processing capacity of approximately 10,000 tonnes annually. The company’s earlier facility disclosures identified around 7,200 tonnes of this capacity for lithium-ion battery processing. Exigo’s operations are designed to handle end-of-life batteries and production scrap from electric vehicles and consumer electronics.
Exigo’s recycling process covers several stages, beginning with battery collection and safe discharging. Discharging is an important part of battery recycling because used lithium-ion batteries may retain electrical energy even after they have been removed from their original applications. Proper handling and discharge procedures help reduce the risks associated with dismantling and mechanical processing.
After discharging, the batteries are dismantled and processed through mechanical equipment designed for size reduction, segregation and material separation. The resulting black mass contains valuable battery materials that can be recovered through further processing. Exigo also operates hydrometallurgical processing capabilities to extract valuable metals from recovered battery materials.
The company has highlighted a recovery rate of more than 98% for recyclable products through its processing operations. Such recovery figures should be understood in relation to the specific materials, processing conditions and measurement methodology used by the company. Nevertheless, the emphasis on high material recovery reflects the commercial importance of extracting as much usable material as possible from discarded batteries.
Exigo’s recycling infrastructure is designed to process multiple battery chemistries. Lithium-ion batteries are manufactured using different combinations of materials, including nickel, manganese, cobalt, lithium, iron and phosphate. These differences influence the recycling process and the economic value of recovered materials. A chemistry-agnostic processing approach can provide greater flexibility when dealing with batteries collected from different manufacturers and applications.
The company also focuses on recovering critical materials that can serve industrial customers. These include lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite and other useful components. Further processing and quality control are required to ensure that recovered materials meet the specifications of their intended applications.
An important feature of Exigo’s operations is its emphasis on collection and logistics. Battery waste is generated across different geographical locations, and transporting it to recycling facilities requires suitable safety and handling arrangements. The company has developed logistics arrangements to support the movement of battery waste from different collection points to its processing infrastructure.
Exigo’s operations also have relevance for businesses seeking to fulfil their responsibilities under India’s Battery Waste Management Rules. Producers need organised systems for the collection, recycling and documentation of waste batteries. Formal recycling companies with suitable infrastructure and regulatory authorisations can support these requirements.
With its integrated processing facility, mechanical and hydrometallurgical capabilities, focus on multiple battery chemistries and collection arrangements, Exigo Recycling is an important participant in India’s battery recycling industry.
9. Eco Recycling Limited (Ecoreco)
Eco Recycling Limited, popularly known as Ecoreco, is an Indian environmental management company specialising in electronic waste recycling, battery waste processing, refurbishment and material recovery. The company has developed an established presence in the organised e-waste recycling sector and has expanded its operations to address the increasing volume of lithium-ion battery waste generated by electric vehicles, electronic devices and industrial equipment.
Headquartered in Mumbai, Ecoreco has built its business around providing organised recycling services to companies, institutions and other organisations. Its operations include waste collection, transportation, secure data destruction, refurbishment, dismantling and material recovery. The company’s experience in managing electronic waste provides an established foundation for its expansion into battery recycling.
A major development in its battery recycling operations was the commissioning of a dedicated lithium-ion battery recycling facility with an annual capacity of approximately 6,000 metric tonnes. The facility is located in Vasai near Mumbai and covers approximately 40,000 square feet. Ecoreco announced the expansion in July 2025 as part of a broader increase in its recycling infrastructure. Its overall reported processing capacity reached approximately 31,200 metric tonnes annually across its recycling operations.
The company has highlighted the development of indigenous battery recycling technology in collaboration with a government research institution. This is an important aspect of its business because battery recycling technologies need to be adapted to different battery chemistries, waste conditions and material recovery requirements. Developing domestic technological capabilities can also reduce dependence on imported recycling systems.
Ecoreco’s battery recycling services are designed to accommodate different categories of batteries, including lithium-ion, lithium iron phosphate, lithium polymer, nickel-metal hydride, nickel-cadmium and lead-acid batteries. These battery categories have different material compositions and recycling requirements, making sorting and appropriate processing important parts of the recycling operation.
The recycling process focuses on recovering useful materials while managing potentially hazardous components in an environmentally responsible manner. Lithium-ion batteries can contain lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper and other materials that have commercial value. Recovering these materials can reduce the quantity of waste requiring disposal and create secondary raw material sources for industrial applications.
Ecoreco also provides collection and logistics services, allowing businesses to channel their discarded electronic products and batteries through formal recycling arrangements. Its pan-India collection approach is relevant for organisations operating across multiple locations and generating battery waste at different facilities. The availability of organised collection arrangements can help prevent batteries from entering informal disposal and recycling channels.
The company’s broader electronic waste business also includes refurbishment and remarketing activities. Reuse and refurbishment can extend the useful life of electronic equipment, while material recovery provides an option for products that can no longer be used. This approach is consistent with the principles of a circular economy, in which products and materials are kept in productive use for as long as possible.
Ecoreco’s operations are also relevant to the compliance requirements of manufacturers and importers under India’s waste management regulations. The company’s recycling infrastructure and waste management services can support businesses that require documented collection and recycling arrangements.
With its dedicated battery recycling capacity, indigenous technology development, established electronic waste operations and organised collection network, Ecoreco is an important company in India’s formal battery waste management industry.
10. ACE Green Recycling
ACE Green Recycling is a battery recycling technology company focused on developing environmentally responsible processes for recovering materials from lead-acid and lithium-ion batteries. The company has developed proprietary recycling technologies and operates through a combination of its own facilities, technology licensing arrangements and partnerships with other recycling businesses. Its activities are relevant to India’s battery recycling industry because they address two major battery categories: conventional lead-acid batteries and newer lithium-ion batteries used in electric vehicles and energy storage systems.
The company has developed two principal technology platforms, GREENLEAD and LITHIUMFIRST. GREENLEAD is designed for lead-acid battery recycling, while LITHIUMFIRST focuses on lithium-ion battery processing. These technologies are intended to recover valuable materials from discarded batteries while reducing the environmental impact associated with conventional recycling methods.
Lead-acid batteries remain widely used in India across automobiles, industrial equipment, telecommunications infrastructure and backup power systems. Their recycling requires the recovery of lead and other components for further industrial use. ACE Green has developed a proprietary process that separates lead paste and metallic components and processes them to produce recovered lead materials. Its GREENLEAD technology uses an electrochemical approach to recover lead, with the objective of reducing reliance on conventional high-temperature smelting methods.
The company has also developed lithium-ion battery recycling technology designed to process different battery chemistries, particularly lithium iron phosphate and nickel-manganese-cobalt batteries. Lithium-ion recycling involves several stages, including battery discharging, mechanical processing, separation and recovery of valuable materials. The company’s LITHIUMFIRST platform is designed to process batteries into recoverable intermediate materials, including black mass, which can subsequently undergo further refining.
ACE Green has established its lithium-ion battery technology development and pilot operations in India. Its Indian operations include a lithium-ion battery recycling facility, a battery warehousing and discharging facility, and a facility for manufacturing lead battery recycling equipment. The company’s technology has also been developed for deployment through international licensing and commercial partnerships. Its Indian lithium-ion operations should therefore be distinguished from a large-scale, fully commercialised recycling plant.
The company has also developed partnerships to expand its recycling technology beyond its own facilities. Its arrangements with recycling partners are intended to facilitate the adoption of its processes in different markets. This technology-led business model allows ACE Green to participate in the recycling industry through equipment, technology deployment and material recovery partnerships.
An important part of the company’s strategy is its focus on LFP battery recycling. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have become increasingly important in electric vehicles and stationary energy storage systems. Unlike certain nickel- and cobalt-rich battery chemistries, LFP batteries contain little or no cobalt and nickel, which changes the economics of their recycling. Developing commercially viable processes for recovering valuable materials from LFP batteries is therefore an important technological challenge for the industry.
ACE Green has also outlined plans to expand its lithium-ion and lead-acid battery recycling capabilities. Its earlier expansion plans included developing substantial LFP recycling capacity in India, with a proposed facility at Mundra, Gujarat. However, planned capacity should be distinguished from installed and operational capacity when evaluating the company’s actual processing scale.
The company also has international operations and partnerships, providing it with opportunities to deploy its recycling technologies in different markets. Its technology licensing model is particularly relevant to countries seeking to establish recycling infrastructure without developing every processing technology independently.
ACE Green Recycling’s work in lead-acid battery recovery, lithium-ion recycling research, LFP processing and technology licensing makes it a notable company in India’s developing battery recycling ecosystem.
The Growing Importance of Battery Recycling Companies in India
India’s battery recycling industry is becoming increasingly important as the country expands its electric vehicle manufacturing capacity, renewable energy infrastructure and battery storage requirements. The growing use of electric two-wheelers, three-wheelers, passenger vehicles, buses and commercial electric vehicles is creating demand for organised systems to manage batteries throughout their operational lives. At the same time, increasing sales of smartphones, laptops, power tools and other electronic devices are adding to the volume of discarded batteries.
Battery recycling is important not only because it provides a responsible method of handling waste but also because it allows valuable materials to be recovered and reused. Lithium-ion batteries contain materials such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper and graphite. These materials are important for battery manufacturing and other industrial applications. Recovering them from used batteries can help reduce dependence on newly mined resources and strengthen domestic supply chains.
The industry also has to address the challenges associated with battery collection, transportation, storage and processing. Batteries cannot simply be treated like ordinary household waste. Damaged or improperly handled lithium-ion batteries can create fire and safety risks. Their transportation and storage require appropriate procedures, trained personnel and suitable infrastructure. Recycling facilities must also have the necessary environmental safeguards to manage chemical processing and residual waste.
India’s Battery Waste Management Rules, 2022, provide an important regulatory framework for the industry. The rules cover electric vehicle batteries, portable batteries, automotive batteries and industrial batteries. They are based on the principle of Extended Producer Responsibility, under which battery producers, including manufacturers and importers, have responsibilities for the collection and recycling or refurbishment of waste batteries.
The framework also establishes a centralised registration and reporting system through the Central Pollution Control Board. Producers, recyclers and refurbishers are required to register under the applicable system, while recycling activities and EPR obligations are subject to prescribed documentation and reporting requirements. The rules have also introduced minimum recycled material requirements for new batteries from financial year 2027-28 onwards, creating additional importance for domestic recycling infrastructure.
Government support for the sector has also expanded through the Incentive Scheme for Promotion of Critical Mineral Recycling under the National Critical Mineral Mission. In April 2026, the Ministry of Mines announced that 58 companies had been approved as eligible for participation in the scheme. The approved entities represented pledged processing capacity of approximately 850,000 tonnes and proposed investments of around Rs. 5,000 crore across battery recycling, electronic waste processing and other critical mineral recovery activities.
Another important development is the distinction between battery shredding and complete material recovery. Some recycling companies primarily produce black mass through mechanical processing, while others have additional refining facilities capable of extracting individual metals. These are different stages of the recycling value chain. The ability to produce battery-grade materials requires further processing, purification and quality control.
Second-life battery applications are also becoming increasingly relevant. Batteries that are no longer suitable for electric vehicles may retain sufficient capacity for stationary energy storage, backup power and other less demanding applications. Testing, refurbishment and repurposing can extend their useful life before they eventually enter the recycling process.
As the Indian battery manufacturing industry expands, recycling companies are expected to play an increasingly important role in establishing a circular supply chain. Their capabilities in collection, material recovery, refining, refurbishment and regulatory compliance will be important in determining how effectively India manages its growing battery waste.
The ten companies discussed above represent different segments of this developing industry, ranging from specialised lithium-ion battery recyclers and critical mineral recovery businesses to established industrial recycling companies and technology developers. Their operations illustrate how battery recycling is evolving from a waste management activity into an important part of India’s electric mobility, energy storage and domestic materials manufacturing ecosystem.
