Strengthening Export Control of Dual-Use Items: A Step Towards Global Security 2023
According to Santosh Sarangi, director general of foreign trade, the government would guarantee that export controls for dual-use products are strengthened to prevent terrorists and non-state actors from obtaining them.
Items with a dual function are those that serve both civilian and non-civilian uses.
Speaking at the local Indian Chamber of Commerce, Sarangi said that India is now a member of a number of multilateral organisations, including the Australia Group.”Enhanced export controls will ensure that these dual-use items do not fall into the hands of non-state actors and terrorists,” he said.
Sarangi said that following inter-ministerial discussions, the DGFT creates a special SCOMET (speciality chemicals, organisms, materials, equipment and technology) list of dual-use goods.
“Our export regulations for dual-use goods are tight. We can also observe which nations and how frequently these things are shipped, he added.
The government is also making efforts to encourage additional exports of these dual-use products at the same time.
Muanpuii Saiawi, joint secretary for disarmament and international security issues at the Ministry of External Affairs, described export control of dual-use goods as a “challenging proposition” in the context of technology transfer.
“Partnership among the government, industry, and other stakeholders is vital in export control of dual-use items,” she reportedly remarked digitally.
According to Saiawi, India is committed to preventing the spread of goods having two potential uses, and export restrictions are essential to complying with international duties.
“The emphasis on accelerating the SCOMET licensure procedure is one of the standout features of the new foreign trade strategy. Making ensuring that sensitive and dual-use items are sold in compliance with India’s obligations under numerous regimes, including the Missile Technology Control Regime, according to Sanjay Budhia, former president of the Indian Chamber of Commerce, is a crucial part of the country’s export control system.
In 2023, governments worldwide are facing a growing challenge in regulating the export of dual-use items, technologies, and materials. These items are essential components of the global economy, as they serve both civilian and military purposes.
While promoting economic growth and innovation, the unrestricted export of dual-use items can pose significant risks to national and international security. To address these concerns, governments are increasingly implementing enhanced export control measures to strike a balance between fostering economic development and preventing the proliferation of dangerous technologies.
Dual-use items encompass a broad range of goods and technologies that can be used for both civilian and military purposes. These items often include advanced machinery, specialized chemicals, electronics, software, and more. Their versatility makes them attractive to industries such as aerospace, telecommunications, and pharmaceuticals, which rely on cutting-edge technology for innovation and competitiveness.
The export of dual-use items presents governments with a complex challenge. On one hand, fostering international trade is essential for economic growth, job creation, and technological advancement. On the other hand, the potential misuse of dual-use items for military or illicit purposes raises security concerns.
Proliferation Risks: Dual-use items can contribute to the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), as they can be repurposed for use in nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons programs. Loose export controls may inadvertently enable rogue states or non-state actors to acquire these critical technologies.
End-Use and Diversion Concerns: Ensuring that exported dual-use items are used for their intended purposes is crucial. Diversion, where items are redirected to unauthorized end-users or used in prohibited activities, poses a significant risk. Robust export controls are necessary to mitigate this risk.
Emerging Technologies: Rapid advancements in technology have led to the emergence of new dual-use items that were previously not categorized as such. Artificial intelligence, advanced materials, and quantum technologies are examples of areas where export control regimes must adapt to keep up with evolving threats.
Governments worldwide recognize the importance of balancing economic interests with national and international security. Enhanced export control measures aim to address the challenges posed by dual-use items effectively. Here are some key components of government efforts in this regard:
- Comprehensive Export Control Lists: Governments maintain updated lists of controlled dual-use items, technologies, and materials. These lists serve as a reference for exporters, providing clarity on what items require licenses for export.
- Licensing Procedures: Exporters seeking to ship dual-use items must obtain licenses from relevant authorities. These authorities review each application carefully, considering the end-use, end-user, and destination to ensure compliance with national and international regulations.
- End-User Verification: Ensuring that exported items reach the intended end-users is crucial. Government agencies may conduct background checks on potential recipients to prevent diversion to unauthorized parties.
- Outreach and Education: Governments provide guidance and training to exporters to help them understand their responsibilities regarding dual-use exports. This includes raising awareness about export control laws and regulations.
- Export Control Enforcement: Strict enforcement mechanisms, including penalties for violations, deter non-compliance and promote adherence to export control regulations.
- International Cooperation: Recognizing that dual-use items are a global concern, governments cooperate with other nations to harmonize export control standards and share information on potential risks and violators.
Enhanced export control of dual-use items offers several significant benefits:
- Enhanced Security: Effective export control measures reduce the risk of proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and related technologies, contributing to global security.
- Economic Growth: A well-regulated export control regime builds confidence in international trade partners, promoting stable economic growth and technological innovation.
- Reputation and Trust: Countries that implement robust export control measures gain trust and respect in the global community, attracting foreign investments and partnerships.
- Non-Proliferation Commitment: Strong export control regimes demonstrate a nation’s commitment to non-proliferation efforts and international peace.
While enhanced export control measures are critical, they also face several challenges:
- Evolving Technology: Keeping up with rapid technological advancements requires constant vigilance and adaptability in updating export control lists.
- Balancing Economic Interests: Striking a balance between security and economic interests remains a challenge, as overly restrictive controls can hinder economic growth.
- Enforcement Across Borders: Enforcing export controls on a global scale can be challenging, particularly when dealing with transnational corporations and illicit networks.
Enhanced export control of dual-use items is a critical component of national and international security efforts in 2023. Governments must continue to adapt their export control regimes to address emerging threats while fostering economic growth and innovation. Striking this balance will be essential in ensuring a safer and more prosperous future for all nations.
