It was not long ago when Narendra Modi faced rejection from the U.S., with a denial of a diplomatic visa in 2005 as he was accused of indirectly supporting Hindu mobs during communal violence in Gujarat, where a significant number of Muslim lives were lost, and Modi’s past continued to cast a shadow on his international reputation.
However, times have changed, and the U.S. administration is now extending a warm reception to Prime Minister Modi. The diplomatic approach towards this visit showcases the Biden administration’s flexibility and yet a certain amount of dilemma and the need of the hour!
One, the Biden administration’s decision to welcome Modi signifies a recognition of India’s growing importance on the world stage.
As President Joe Biden extends a state visit invitation to Modi, this gesture underscores the “deep and close partnership” between the two countries, particularly in matters of foreign policy, as stated by the White House.
The decision to honour Modi with a state visit highlights the strengthening of ties between the United States and India. It also signifies the recognition of India’s significance as a key partner and aligns with the Biden administration’s commitment to forging strong alliances.
The Real Catch For Biden – The Growing Influence Of Indian American Community
The invitation is not only a diplomatic gesture but also a reflection of the growing visibility and electoral influence of the Indian American community.
With nearly 5 million Indian Americans, the community’s impact is felt both at the ballot box and in the corridors of power.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi, too has recognized the political weight of the Indian American community and has strategically leveraged its influence on multiple occasions. During his initial ascent to power in 2014, Modi’s visit to the United States was marked by a grand reception at New York’s Madison Square Garden, where a sold-out event drew an audience of 20,000 spectators.
It became the largest reception for a foreign leader in the country, second only to the Pope. Modi’s declaration that “This is India’s century” ignited an exuberant response from the crowd, showcasing the enthusiasm and influence of the Indian American community.
Modi’s outreach to the Indian American community signifies his recognition of their significance in shaping domestic and international narratives; hence by cleverly tapping into their support, Modi solidifies the community’s position as a pivotal player in the political landscape.
The Question Of China
The urgency for India to be a bulwark against China has never been greater. With its status as one of the world’s fastest-growing economies, the most populous nation, a digital powerhouse, and a longstanding democracy, albeit with imperfections, India holds immense potential to be a guardian and pacesetter for a free and open Indo-Pacific region.
President Biden recognizes this significance and will engage in discussions with Prime Minister Modi regarding enhanced cooperation in defence, clean energy, space, climate change, health security, and trade. While Biden’s warm reception of Modi is perceived as a step towards striking defence deals, it also underscores broader geopolitical objectives.
Defence interests do not solely drive the welcoming of Prime Minister Modi by President Biden but are part of a comprehensive strategy to foster collaboration and partnership with India. Thus, recognizing the need for a robust alliance to address common challenges, the discussions will focus on strengthening bilateral ties and promoting a rules-based order in the Indo-Pacific region.
Cooperation in defence, clean energy, space technology, and trade not only bolsters the security of both nations but also aligns their shared interests and values. This strategic engagement highlights the significance of India’s role as a key player in shaping the future of the Indo-Pacific.
The Democracy Outcry, The Elephant In The Room & Modi
While some frictions between the U.S. and India are inevitable, there are pressing issues that require attention; for example, Prime Minister Modi’s call for a cease-fire in Ukraine without condemning Russia’s invasion raises concerns for America.
President Biden could also address India’s weapons sales to the military junta in Myanmar, which worsen an ongoing civil war. These bilateral issues, though challenging, should be navigable for both leaders.
However, the more difficult task for President Biden will be addressing the retreat from democracy by Prime Minister Modi and his Bharatiya Janata Party.
This poses a significant challenge to the United States, whose claims of higher democratic norms have weakened in the last few years, thus diminishing its capacity to set standards for others.
A strategic challenge to Biden, Human Rights Violations
Prime Minister Modi’s state visit poses a strategic challenge to President Biden, who emphasized defending human rights and democracy during his campaign.
Critics argue that embracing Modi, despite democratic backsliding in India under his leadership, contradicts Biden’s foreign policy agenda.
So what are the potential hurdles for the Biden administration –
- The Indian government’s majoritarian Hindu nationalism has led to violence against minorities, erosion of press freedoms, and stifling of civil society.
The U.S. State Department has highlighted these concerns in its Religious Freedom Report.
- Journalists face pressure, arrests, and online harassment, while the government controls media outlets and seeks to remove unfavourable social media posts. Non-governmental organizations and civil society activists are subjected to burdensome regulations.
- Recent incidents, such as the raid on BBC offices and tax raids on nonprofit organizations critical of government allies, exemplify the misuse of state power to suppress critics.
The Last Bit, The dynamics of the India-US relationship are comparable to a traditional desi arranged marriage, where challenges and compromises are inherent. However, it is essential for President Biden to prioritize addressing the democratic regression in India. As a proponent of democratic values, will the United States engage in frank discussions with Prime Minister Modi and convey the importance of upholding democracy? While maintaining a strong bilateral partnership, will President Biden advocate for democratic principles, as the retreat from democracy in India not only impacts its domestic governance but also has broader implications for global democratic norms?
