February Heatwave 2025: What’s Causing The Unusual Temperature Surge?

February in India is usually a transitional month, moving from the cold winter to the beginning of summer. But this year, temperatures in key Indian cities such as Bengaluru and Mumbai have increased unexpectedly, going to heatwave much earlier than usual. Bengaluru has seen daytime temperatures touching 33°C, while Mumbai has seen temperatures touching 36°C. Meteorologists have linked this uncommon rise to various climatic factors, including La Niña and the change in winds. This article delves into these cities’ why, what, and upcoming weather predictions.

The Unusual Heatwave: Breaking Temperature Records

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) indicated unusually high-temperature levels in some parts of India, with considerable spikes in Bengaluru and Mumbai:

• Bengaluru: Garden City, which enjoys a moderate climate, saw day temperatures reaching 33°C, a far cry from its usual February range of 27-29°C.
• Mumbai: The city’s temperatures have risen, reaching 36°C, five degrees higher than usual for this time of the year.
• Other affected regions: Cities such as Mysuru, Chitradurga, and Chintamani in Karnataka are also experiencing higher-than-usual daytime temperatures.

Even though daytime temperatures are record highs, Bengaluru continues to have pretty cool nights, at 16-17°C, while night temperatures in Mumbai are 19-21°C.

Causes Behind the Rising Temperatures

Meteorologists have attributed these temperature anomalies to several climatic factors:

• La Niña Effect: La Niña, a condition where sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean fall below normal, has impacted global weather. Here, it has resulted in:

– Heavy rainfall in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia                                        – Higher temperatures in southern parts of India due to changes in atmospheric circulation                                                                                                          – Delayed winter effects, reducing the frequency of cooling western disturbances

• Anticyclonic Systems: An anticyclone pattern on India’s western coast has entrapped warmer air above Mumbai and its surroundings. Such systems bar cooler air from penetrating, causing high temperatures to last for an extended period.
• Absence of Western Disturbances: Western disturbances usually cause cold winds from the north direction to moderate the temperatures. Their lack this year has led to an extended spell of warmth across various regions of India.

Historical Perspective: Comparing Past Temperature Trends

Mumbai and Bengaluru have experienced high February temperatures in the past, but the current spike is still unusual:

• Mumbai:
  • The city’s highest-ever recorded temperature in February was 39.5°C in 1966.
  • The lowest recorded February temperature was 8.5°C in 2008.
  • This year’s 36°C is among the highest February temperatures in recent years.
• Bengaluru:
  • Known for its pleasant weather, Bengaluru has rarely experienced temperatures above 32°C in February.
  • The current 33°C reading is significantly above its usual February peak.

Potential Impact of Rising Temperatures

The early arrival of summer-like conditions poses several risks to health, agriculture, and daily life:

1. Health Risks

• Increased cases of heat exhaustion, dehydration, and heatstroke.
• Greater vulnerability for older people, children, and individuals with pre-existing medical conditions.

2. Agricultural Concerns

• Crops such as wheat, mustard, and legumes could be affected by the increased soil moisture loss due to rising temperatures.
• Water shortages induced by early summer conditions could impact irrigation.

3. Increased Energy Consumption

• Demand for cooling and air conditioning appliances will increase, increasing electricity usage.
• Power grids may face additional stress due to increased cooling needs.

Forecast: What Lies Ahead?

Meteorologists predict that these hot conditions could persist until February 18, 2025. The IMD has warned that temperatures could continue hovering around 35-36°C in Mumbai and 32-33°C in Bengaluru in the coming weeks. However, relief may arrive in pre-monsoon showers in March and April, which could help decrease temperatures.

How to Stay Safe in the Heat

With February already feeling like peak summer, residents must take precautions:

1. Stay Hydrated: Water, coconut water, and fresh juices are among the many liquids you should consume in excess.
2. Avoid Direct Sunlight: Limit outdoor activities between 11 AM and 4 PM when the sun is at its peak.
3. Wear Light Clothing: Select lightweight, cotton-based materials to stay relaxed.
4. Use Sun Protection: Wear sunscreen, hats, and sunglasses.
5. Monitor Vulnerable Groups: Safeguard children, the elderly, and people with illnesses from heat.
6. Check Weather Updates: Stay informed about temperature forecasts so you can plan accordingly.

Conclusion

The rare heatwave experienced in Bengaluru and Mumbai this February has alerted one about climate patterns, premature summers, and the influence of La Niña on Indian climatic conditions. Drifting global temperatures, changing wind circulation, and anticyclonic systems have been responsible for these unexpected bursts.

As India enters summer, it is essential to be vigilant, take precautions, and watch meteorological department bulletins. Pre-summer preparedness is necessary to avoid health and environmental effects because the temperatures are likely high.